{"id":7107,"date":"2007-08-19T14:58:45","date_gmt":"2007-08-19T14:58:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/2007\/08\/19\/close-modeling\/"},"modified":"2007-08-19T14:58:45","modified_gmt":"2007-08-19T14:58:45","slug":"close-modeling","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/2007\/08\/19\/close-modeling\/","title":{"rendered":"Close Modeling"},"content":{"rendered":"\u23f3 Approximate reading time: <\/span> 2<\/span> mins<\/span><\/span>

Flower and Hayes refer to their studies of talk-aloud protocols as "close
\nmodeling" (53) ("Designing Protocol Studies…", Hayes, Flower, Swarts, 1984).
\nClose modeling suggests models that are slotted at a certain scale. For
\nprotocol studies, the scale is the solitary writer who is given a specific (if
\ndull) writing task, who then executes the writing task, and who reports on the
\nwriting process according to a pre-determined processual scheme. <\/p>\n

The famous visual model (from the CCC<\/i> article in 1981) plays only a
\nminor role in this discussion of close modeling. The visual model is
\npresented once more in "Designing," reiterated with so little explicit treatment
\nthat its structuring function is more or less obvious<\/i> and settled.
\nI mean that it has not changed in the three intervening years. The visual
\nmodel is static, inert, a monument.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

How did we get from close reading to close modeling, and are they stationed
\nin the same New Critical wheelhouse? Maybe a better question is whether the
\nrelationship between reading and modeling can be further pulled apart, broken
\ndown. I don’t want to conflate reading with modeling, but I find it
\nstrange (and due for consideration, if nothing more) that reading touches on a
\nreceptive stance while modeling is comparably assertive or productive. <\/p>\n

I’m not directly interested in protocol studies or the methods explained by
\nFlower and Hayes to undertake such studies. The visual model from 1981
\ninterests me, instead, for the way it haunts so much subsequent scholarship, for
\nthe way it makes unexamined (even un-seen, ghostly) appearances for many years
\nafter it was first presented. Why doesn’t this visual model change, even when it
\nturns up again and again in very different examinations of cognitive activity,
\nrevision, the<\/i> writing process, and so on? How does its persistence
\ninfiltrate (perhaps even skew) the mythos of models (model-making,
\nmodel-building, etc.) related to composition and rhetoric? The un-changing
\nreappearance of the Flower and Hayes cognitive process model over so many years
\nmight suggest complacency toward the visual (why give it an update?). It’s
\nlongevity begins to seem zombie-like–an undead model has chased off all others
\nwho would dare. Composition and rhetoric are cleared of models by this
\none. <\/p>\n

But this isn’t entirely true. Kinneavy’s triangle hearkens to a
\nclassical rhetorical tradition. And there are many such triangles.
\nBitzer’s is a model, even if it isn’t drawn (models need not be visual, but the
\nvisual ones interest me more than the discursive ones). I mean that
\nKinneavy’s model invoked associations with nobler company–a tradition in
\nrhetoric that engulfed the new composition studies in the early 60’s.
\nFlower and Hayes’ undead model, on the other hand, came from cognitive
\npsychology, a field that enjoyed a coincident resurgence to that of disciplinary
\nemergence and stabilization of composition studies. Still, there are other
\nmodels. Porter and Sullivan share a visual model for institutional change
\nand theorize the model’s dynamism and portability (translatability?) drawing on
\npostmodern geography. Tim Peeples, modeling the WPA as a highly connected
\nnode in a network, asserts the two-dimensional static (i.e., paper-bound) model
\nas hyper, adaptive, and mobile (use your imagination!). Flower and Hayes’ model,
\nhowever, is the one that returns, re-occurs, inert and dressed in the same
\nclothes it wore in 1981. I am tempted to argue that this haunts us–even
\nhaunts the visual<\/i> in composition studies. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u23f3 Approximate reading time: <\/span> 2<\/span> mins<\/span><\/span>Flower and Hayes refer to their studies of talk-aloud protocols as "close modeling" (53) ("Designing Protocol Studies…", Hayes, Flower, Swarts, 1984). Close modeling suggests models that are slotted at a certain scale. For protocol studies, the scale is the solitary writer who is given a specific (if dull) writing task, who then executes the writing…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[124],"tags":[137,128,135,129,131,132,127,133,130,138,134,136],"class_list":["post-7107","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-models","tag-137","tag-close-reading","tag-cognition","tag-distance","tag-flower","tag-hayes","tag-modeling","tag-porter","tag-process","tag-protocol","tag-sullivan","tag-visual"],"yoast_head":"\nClose Modeling - Earth Wide Moth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/2007\/08\/19\/close-modeling\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Close Modeling - Earth Wide Moth\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u23f3 Approximate reading time: 2 minsFlower and Hayes refer to their studies of talk-aloud protocols as "close modeling" (53) ("Designing Protocol Studies…", Hayes, Flower, Swarts, 1984). 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Hayes. \"Designing Protocol Studies of the Writing Process: An Introduction.\" New Directions In Composition Research. Richard Beach and Lillian S. Bridwell, eds. New York: Guilford, 1984. 53-71. The team of authors present this essay as a practical variation of protocol analysis much\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Models"","block_context":{"text":"Models","link":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/category\/models\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"flowerhayes1984.jpg","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/eris.earthwidemoth.com\/assets_c\/2007\/08\/flowerhayes1984-thumb-400x340.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":7109,"url":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/2007\/08\/21\/flower-scriver\/","url_meta":{"origin":7107,"position":1},"title":"Flower, Scriver, Stratman, Carey, and Hayes, "Cognitive Process in Revision"","author":"Derek Mueller","date":"August 21, 2007","format":false,"excerpt":"Flower, Linda S., Karen A. Scriver, James F. 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Pemberton examines models in composition studies by taking into account Flower and Hayes' cognitive process model of writing and its mixed reception. In one sense, then, this essay is an account of uptake. But there're more. Pemberton\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Models"","block_context":{"text":"Models","link":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/category\/models\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":7102,"url":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/2007\/08\/01\/flower-and-haye-1\/","url_meta":{"origin":7107,"position":3},"title":"Flower and Hayes, "Uncovering Cognitive Processes in Writing: An Introduction to Protocol Analysis"","author":"Derek Mueller","date":"August 1, 2007","format":false,"excerpt":"Hayes, John R., and Linda S. Flower. \"Uncovering Cognitive Processes in Writing: An Introduction to Protocol Analysis.\" Research On Writing: Principles and Methods. Peter Mosenthal, Lynne Tamor, and Sean A. Walmsley, eds. 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If he didn't draw it (I can't find evidence that he did), are responses to the model's viability fueled instead by its proliferation as an abstraction pulled (like a\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Dissertation"","block_context":{"text":"Dissertation","link":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/category\/dissertation\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Rhetorical Situation","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/farm1.static.flickr.com\/192\/454209453_2c2afbec08_m.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":7101,"url":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/2007\/06\/20\/flower-and-haye\/","url_meta":{"origin":7107,"position":5},"title":"Flower and Hayes, “Problem-Solving Strategies and the Writing Process”","author":"Derek Mueller","date":"June 20, 2007","format":false,"excerpt":"Flower, Linda S., and John R. Hayes. \"Problem-Solving Strategies and the Writing Process.\" College English 39.4 (Dec. 1977): 449-461. One of the earliest collaborative precursors to Flower and Hayes' cognitive process model, this essay presents heuristics and problem-solving as ways to address the morass of the same old same old:\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"arrangement\"","block_context":{"text":"arrangement","link":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/tag\/arrangement\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7107","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7107"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7107\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7107"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7107"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7107"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}