{"id":7102,"date":"2007-08-01T15:11:15","date_gmt":"2007-08-01T15:11:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/2007\/08\/01\/flower-and-haye-1\/"},"modified":"2007-08-01T15:11:15","modified_gmt":"2007-08-01T15:11:15","slug":"flower-and-haye-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/2007\/08\/01\/flower-and-haye-1\/","title":{"rendered":"Flower and Hayes, "Uncovering Cognitive Processes in Writing: An Introduction to Protocol Analysis""},"content":{"rendered":"\u23f3 Approximate reading time: <\/span> 3<\/span> mins<\/span><\/span>

Hayes,
\nJohn R., and Linda S. Flower. "Uncovering Cognitive Processes in Writing: An
\nIntroduction to Protocol Analysis." Research On Writing: Principles and
\nMethods<\/i>. Peter Mosenthal, Lynne Tamor, and Sean A. Walmsley, eds. New York:
\nLongman, 1983. 207-220.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Leading off the "Observational Approaches" section in the Mosenthal
\ncollection, Flower and Hayes deliver a case for protocol analysis as it provides
\na scope on the thought processes that "is wider than most of the other windows
\navailable" (219). Protocol methods only interest me where they promote
\ndebates about writing as rule-governed rather than aleatory (or something a
\ndegree away from this, where agreements and rules are very loose–exerting the
\nslightest imprint on the activity). So why work with this chapter?
\nIt includes yet another iteration of the visual model related to Flower and
\nHayes’ cognitive process writing model. As in much of their work, writing is
\nacknowledged as a complex phenomenon, and its intrinsic complexity justifies the
\nprotocol analysis–a method that allows a researcher to study writers "while
\nthey are performing it<\/i>" (214). Here, the visual model doesn’t get much, if
\nany, explicit discussion. It’s the silent transplant–a figure summoned
\nfrom 1980, where it appeared in Lee and Erwin’s edited collection, Cognitive
\nProcesses in Writing<\/i>.<\/p>\n

Johanna Drucker writes of visual forms of knowledge that "[t]hey can work 1)
\nthrough offering a visual analogy or morphological resemblance, 2) through
\nproviding a visual image of non-visible phenomenoa, or 3) by providing visual
\nconventions to structure operations and procedures" ("Graphesis" 3). Which
\nof these does the cognitive process model match with? A case could be made
\nfor any of the three. It provides a visual analogy. It provides a
\nvisual image of a non-obvious phenomena. It provides visual conventions.
\nMost often, it seems to be deployed for purposes matched with the third function
\nof visual forms of knowledge: providing visual conventions to structure
\noperations and procedures. This is what is meant when they write elsewhere
\nof the model’s organizing function. Yet this is tricky because their
\nreferences to model often do not distinguish the discursive model as a
\nconceptual framework from the visual forms–the visual model itself. <\/p>\n

Much of this article follows the organizational presentation of the
\nvisual model. Writing, they argue, consists of distinct processes which
\nare identified here as a task environment, the writer’s long-term memory, and
\nthe writing process itself, which "is best described not as a sequence of stages
\nbut as a set of distinguishable processes that the writer must orchestrate in
\nthe act of writing" (208). [Imagine if they were indistinguishable. How would it
\nbe possible to name what is happening, other than with the gesture of a shrug?].
\nFurther, they explain that the processes are "highly embedded" and that writing
\nis "goal directed." Each of these, of course, must be asterisked with a *not
\nalways<\/i>.<\/p>\n

Why is this a good example of inert(ial) visual models in composition
\nstudies? 1) The model has not evolved<\/i>. It is the same diagram
\nthat appeared in 1980 (later examples repeat and, thus, reinforce this
\nstability\/stagnancy). 2) The model is not discussed<\/i> directly as a
\nvisual<\/i> form of knowledge. It is given, self-evident (Drucker and
\nLatour are excellent for asking us to think through the rhetoricity of the
\nvisual model, for Drucker as an aesthetic dramatism that performs in step with
\nscientism, for Latour as a figure which mobilizes<\/i>). Could the chapter
\nproceed without it? Yes. 3) Its design is at odds with the dynamism (i.e.,
\ncomplexity, orchestration, embeddedness, etc.). It is, in this sense,
\npositioned as in innocent mediator between the data produced by the method and
\nthe theory that generalizes the method to meaningful insights into the cognitive
\nprocesses of (some) writers.<\/p>\n

\"Cognitive<\/a>\n<\/p>\n

Phrases: process-tracing (211), thinking-aloud protocols (217), retrospection (217), retrospective reporting (217).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u23f3 Approximate reading time: <\/span> 3<\/span> mins<\/span><\/span>Hayes, John R., and Linda S. Flower. "Uncovering Cognitive Processes in Writing: An Introduction to Protocol Analysis." Research On Writing: Principles and Methods. Peter Mosenthal, Lynne Tamor, and Sean A. Walmsley, eds. New York: Longman, 1983. 207-220.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[124],"tags":[142,139,135,1714,1318,144,1806,141,922,130,138,143,150,1807,140],"class_list":["post-7102","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-models","tag-activity","tag-analysis","tag-cognition","tag-evidence","tag-goals","tag-methods","tag-mix","tag-models","tag-performance","tag-process","tag-protocol","tag-research","tag-structure","tag-tracing","tag-writing"],"yoast_head":"\nFlower and Hayes, "Uncovering Cognitive Processes in Writing: An Introduction to Protocol Analysis" - Earth Wide Moth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/2007\/08\/01\/flower-and-haye-1\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Flower and Hayes, "Uncovering Cognitive Processes in Writing: An Introduction to Protocol Analysis" - Earth Wide Moth\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u23f3 Approximate reading time: 3 minsHayes, John R., and Linda S. 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Hayes. \"Designing Protocol Studies of the Writing Process: An Introduction.\" New Directions In Composition Research. Richard Beach and Lillian S. Bridwell, eds. New York: Guilford, 1984. 53-71. The team of authors present this essay as a practical variation of protocol analysis much\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Models"","block_context":{"text":"Models","link":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/category\/models\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"flowerhayes1984.jpg","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/eris.earthwidemoth.com\/assets_c\/2007\/08\/flowerhayes1984-thumb-400x340.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":7109,"url":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/2007\/08\/21\/flower-scriver\/","url_meta":{"origin":7102,"position":1},"title":"Flower, Scriver, Stratman, Carey, and Hayes, "Cognitive Process in Revision"","author":"Derek Mueller","date":"August 21, 2007","format":false,"excerpt":"Flower, Linda S., Karen A. Scriver, James F. Stratman, Linda Carey, and John R. Hayes. \"Cognitive Processes in Revision.\" Advances in Applied Psycholinguistics. Sheldon Rosenberg ed. New York: Cambridge, 1987. 176-240. This team-authored article advances the cognitive process work done by Flower and Hayes in the early 1980's by modeling\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Models"","block_context":{"text":"Models","link":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/category\/models\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Revision Model, p 185","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/farm2.static.flickr.com\/1252\/1196475574_b9a5eada12.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":7107,"url":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/2007\/08\/19\/close-modeling\/","url_meta":{"origin":7102,"position":2},"title":"Close Modeling","author":"Derek Mueller","date":"August 19, 2007","format":false,"excerpt":"Flower and Hayes refer to their studies of talk-aloud protocols as \"close modeling\" (53) (\"Designing Protocol Studies...\", Hayes, Flower, Swarts, 1984). Close modeling suggests models that are slotted at a certain scale. For protocol studies, the scale is the solitary writer who is given a specific (if dull) writing task,\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Models"","block_context":{"text":"Models","link":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/category\/models\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":7101,"url":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/2007\/06\/20\/flower-and-haye\/","url_meta":{"origin":7102,"position":3},"title":"Flower and Hayes, “Problem-Solving Strategies and the Writing Process”","author":"Derek Mueller","date":"June 20, 2007","format":false,"excerpt":"Flower, Linda S., and John R. Hayes. \"Problem-Solving Strategies and the Writing Process.\" College English 39.4 (Dec. 1977): 449-461. One of the earliest collaborative precursors to Flower and Hayes' cognitive process model, this essay presents heuristics and problem-solving as ways to address the morass of the same old same old:\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"arrangement\"","block_context":{"text":"arrangement","link":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/tag\/arrangement\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":7099,"url":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/2007\/06\/14\/scardimalia-and\/","url_meta":{"origin":7102,"position":4},"title":"Scardamalia and Bereiter, "Levels of Inquiry in Writing Research"","author":"Derek Mueller","date":"June 14, 2007","format":false,"excerpt":"Bereiter, Carl, and Marlene Scardamalia. \"Levels of Inquiry in Writing Research.\" Research On Writing: Principles and Methods. Peter Mosenthal, Lynne Tamor, and Sean A. Walmsley, eds. New York: Longman, 1983. 3-25. Motivated by an acute opposition to \"the miscellaneous character of much writing research, with its orientation toward topics and\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Models"","block_context":{"text":"Models","link":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/category\/models\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":7092,"url":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/2007\/05\/03\/pemberton-model\/","url_meta":{"origin":7102,"position":5},"title":"Pemberton, “Modeling Theory and Composing Process Models.”","author":"Derek Mueller","date":"May 3, 2007","format":false,"excerpt":"Pemberton, Michael A. \"Modeling Theory and Composing Process Models.\" CCC 44.1 (1993): 40-58. Pemberton examines models in composition studies by taking into account Flower and Hayes' cognitive process model of writing and its mixed reception. In one sense, then, this essay is an account of uptake. But there're more. Pemberton\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Models"","block_context":{"text":"Models","link":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/category\/models\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7102","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7102"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7102\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7102"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7102"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7102"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}