{"id":7053,"date":"2006-10-19T21:51:58","date_gmt":"2006-10-19T21:51:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/2006\/10\/19\/nardi-and-oday\/"},"modified":"2006-10-19T21:51:58","modified_gmt":"2006-10-19T21:51:58","slug":"nardi-and-oday","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/2006\/10\/19\/nardi-and-oday\/","title":{"rendered":"Nardi and O’Day, Information Ecologies<\/i>"},"content":{"rendered":"\u23f3 Approximate reading time: <\/span> 3<\/span> mins<\/span><\/span>\n

Nardi, Bonnie A., and Vicki O’Day. Information Ecologies: Using Technology with Heart<\/i>.
\n Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1999.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Nardi and O’Day make a case for the ecological metaphor as it is suited to
\nstudies of technology in situ<\/i>. This preference combines concerns about
\nenframing metaphor, methodology, and scene as each relates to technology
\nstudies. Invoking Shakespeare, they emphasize "local habitations<\/b>" while
\nseeking to moderate the sharp divide (especially acute in works like Postman’s
\nTechnopoly<\/i>) between technophiles<\/b> and neoLuddites<\/b>.
\nInformation Ecologies: Using Technology with Heart<\/i> is an effort to
\narticulate a middle position that improves on metaphors of technology as tool<\/b>,
\nas text<\/b>, and as system<\/b>. Information ecologies introduce
\nscalability<\/b> (and other factors), while navigating the extreme positions by
\nplacing value on participatory design<\/b>. For Nardi and O’Day, there is a
\nvested emphasis on discussion<\/b> and questioning<\/b> because "new
\ntechnologies tend to be mystifying" (13).<\/p>\n

The book opens with reference to Rotwang the Inventor, a character from the
\nfilm Metropolis<\/i> (1927), who developed a perfect robot. The workers
\nrevolt, dashing the machines to pieces, and in so-doing, the film confirms a
\nmoral about the relevance of "heart<\/b>" in technological development. This
\nproject seems to grow out of the technological booms of the 1990’s, when the
\nratio between control (choice\/agency) and technological determinism was
\ngenerating high anxiety, particularly for those who felt they weren’t keeping up
\nwith change. Nardi and O’Day cite Jacques Ellul, who suggested the powerful, if
\nlow profile, wave of technological determinism could be found in "the
\naccretion<\/b> of thousands of small decisions" (42) leading unto "a boundless
\nkind of feedforward<\/b>" (43): more+more=moreanxiety<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

Information Ecology: "a system of people, practices, values, and technologies
\nin a particular local environment" (49). Ex.: a library, a hospital ICU, a
\nself-service copy-shop. The emphasis here is on site and scope: "An ecology is
\ncomplex, but it does not have the overwhelming breadth of the large-scale
\nsystems and dynamics Ellul and others describe" (50).
\nEthnographic case studies constitute the second half of the book: observations
\nof sites and activities-in-situ.
\nCritiques of Norman<\/b> (28-30) on technology as tools<\/b> and of
\nLatour<\/b> (31) on technology as text<\/b> appear in chapter three, "A Matter
\nof Metaphor."
\nTechnique<\/b>: "a cultural mindset in which pure, unadulterated efficiency<\/b>
\nis the dominant human value<\/b>" (34). <\/p>\n

How to evolve information ecologies? 1. Work from core values (67); 2. Pay
\nattention (68); and 3. Ask Strategic Questions (70). <\/p>\n

Qualities of information ecologies:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • system<\/b>: "strong interrelationships and dependencies among its
    \n different pats" (51)<\/li>\n
  • diversity<\/b>: "different species take advantage of different
    \n ecological niches" (51)<\/li>\n
  • coevolution<\/b>: adaptations lead to change both locally and across the
    \n system (52)<\/li>\n
  • keystone species<\/b>: central actors "whose presence is crucial to the
    \n survival of the ecology itself" (53)<\/li>\n
  • locality<\/b>: "a local habitation and a name" – the identifiable
    \n location (55).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Information ecologies inhere a certain urgency<\/b> because, like their
    \nbiological counterparts, they are alive<\/b> (see Steven Johnson on web 2.0 as
    \nrain forest).<\/p>\n

    Key terms: local habitations (ix), inattentional blindness (15), invisibility
    \nof work and informal collaboration (16), inevitability (17), tool (27),
    \naffordances (28), text (31), system (33), technique (33), Winner’s "reverse
    \nadaptation" (38), Winner’s "technological drift" (41), participatory design<\/b>
    \n(43), local settings (47), <\/p>\n

    "Technology development and use must be mediated by the human heart<\/b>"
    \n(x). Emph.: an ethic of caring<\/b>.<\/p>\n

    "Social understanding<\/b>, values<\/b>, and practices<\/b> become
    \nintegral aspects of the tool<\/b> itself" (21).<\/p>\n

    "Metaphors<\/b> matter because they suggest particular avenues for
    \naction<\/b> and intervention<\/b>" (43).<\/p>\n

    "However, we can argue that the view of technology as system washes out the
    \ndistinctions among different local settings<\/i><\/b>" (47). <\/p>\n

    "We urge people to get involved<\/b> in the evolution of their information
    \necologies–jump into the primordial soup, stir it around, and make as many waves
    \nas possible" (58). Emph.: agency<\/b>. But what’s odd is that there’s no
    \naccounting for an ecology-free zone. In other words, what’s not<\/i> an
    \ninformation ecology? Even the in-between spaces are subject to the information
    \necology as scene (or as a concatenation of scenes). <\/p>\n

    "There is a complex dance<\/b> between two nonneutral<\/b> forces at work
    \nhere: technology<\/b> with its texts and affordances, and people<\/b> with
    \ntheir values and choices. The choreography<\/b> of the dance is up to the
    \nhuman side of the equation<\/b>, but only if we choose to ‘overcome necessity’ by
    \nengaging our values and commitments as we shape our information ecologies" (64).
    \nEmph.: freedom and determinism in dialectical relation (64). <\/p>\n

    \n
    Related sources:<\/dt>\n
    Ellul, Jacques. The Technological Society<\/i>. New York: Knopf, 1965.<\/dd>\n
    Postman, Neil. Technopoly: The Surrender of Culture to Technology<\/i>.
    \n New York: Vintage Books, 1993.<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u23f3 Approximate reading time: <\/span> 3<\/span> mins<\/span><\/span>Nardi, Bonnie A., and Vicki O’Day. Information Ecologies: Using Technology with Heart. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1999.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[175],"tags":[142,1353,418,1997,1354,880,424,554,398,483,1355,500,1356,841,1357,189,359,1358,1359,1312,1352,187,1360,443,1361,1164],"class_list":["post-7053","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-toolsinuse","tag-activity","tag-anxiety","tag-attention","tag-case-study","tag-cloning","tag-community","tag-design","tag-diversity","tag-ecology","tag-ethnography","tag-heart","tag-humanities","tag-inevitability","tag-information","tag-luddite","tag-metaphor","tag-scale","tag-scope","tag-site","tag-system","tag-technique","tag-technology","tag-technophile","tag-text","tag-tool","tag-values"],"yoast_head":"\nNardi and O'Day, Information Ecologies - Earth Wide Moth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/2006\/10\/19\/nardi-and-oday\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Nardi and O'Day, Information Ecologies - Earth Wide Moth\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u23f3 Approximate reading time: 3 minsNardi, Bonnie A., and Vicki O’Day. 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I've re-read my exam answers to prepare for each of\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Qualifying Exams"","block_context":{"text":"Qualifying Exams","link":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/category\/exammunition\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":7068,"url":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/2006\/11\/04\/fuller-media-ec\/","url_meta":{"origin":7053,"position":4},"title":"Fuller, Media Ecologies","author":"Derek Mueller","date":"November 4, 2006","format":false,"excerpt":"Fuller, Matthew. Media Ecologies. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2005. That the twenty-three quotations listed below are just the tip of the iceberg should serve to remind me to return for a more careful reading of Fuller. Every damn sentence in this book is like a compressed coil; in combination, they\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Visuality and New Media"","block_context":{"text":"Visuality and New Media","link":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/category\/visuality_and_n\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":7009,"url":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/2006\/07\/27\/selfe-and-selfe-2\/","url_meta":{"origin":7053,"position":5},"title":"Selfe and Selfe, “Intellectual Work of Computers and Composition”","author":"Derek Mueller","date":"July 27, 2006","format":false,"excerpt":"Selfe, Cynthia J. and Richard J. Selfe, Jr. \"The Intellectual Work of Computers and Composition Studies.\" Olson 203-220. According to Selfe and Selfe, four characteristics characterize intellectual work in computers and composition: grounding in language studies and social theory; a belief in social justice (204); commitment to school settings as\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Writing Technologies"","block_context":{"text":"Writing Technologies","link":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/category\/writing_technol\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7053","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7053"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7053\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7053"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7053"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7053"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}