{"id":7051,"date":"2006-10-17T21:02:58","date_gmt":"2006-10-17T21:02:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/2006\/10\/17\/gibson-the-ecol\/"},"modified":"2006-10-17T21:02:58","modified_gmt":"2006-10-17T21:02:58","slug":"gibson-the-ecol","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/2006\/10\/17\/gibson-the-ecol\/","title":{"rendered":"Gibson, The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception<\/i>"},"content":{"rendered":"\u23f3 Approximate reading time: <\/span> 2<\/span> mins<\/span><\/span>\n

Gibson, James J.
\n The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception<\/i>. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence
\n Erlbaum, 1986.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

In his discussion of the affordances of tools in the environment, Gibson
\nup-ends commonplace distinctions between the objective and subjective and
\nbetween the human being and the surrounds. That is, he describes affordances (a
\nconcept he introduced in 1977) as neutral: the perceived physical properties of
\nobjects in the environment, much like an "invitation character" from Gestalt
\npsychology). With affordances (particularly in his discussion of tools),
\nGibson begins to get at extensibility–the ways in which the skin-as-boundary
\ncommonly expands into composite hybrids (connect with Latour in Modern<\/i>).
\nAffordances can be altered, and it "is equally a fact of the environment and a
\nfact of behavior" (129). Other dimensions of affordances include the medium
\n(130), the substances (131), the surfaces and their layouts (131), the objects
\n(133), other persons and animals (135), and places and hiding places (136). They
\nare also potentially (but not inherently) beneficial or injurious (137). <\/p>\n

The book is divided into three sections: one about the environment, one about
\ninformation for perception, and one about the activity of perception (2). The
\nchapter on affordances appears in the second section on information for
\nperception. Gibson’s description of the environment is highly unitized or
\natomistic, but he backs away from assigning a classificatory weight to
\naffordances: "The theory of affordances rescues us from the philosophical muddle
\nof assuming fixed classes of objects, each defined by its common features and
\nthen given a name…. They have only a ‘family resemblance.’" (134). As a unit
\nof study, Gibson introduces "ecological events" (100), which subdivide into
\nprimary realities, matters of recurrence and nonrecurrence, reversible and
\nnonreversible, nesting (101), and affordances (102). The affordances of optical,
\necological events (like their nestedness) sound almost kairotic, like a
\nrhetorical occasion.<\/p>\n

Near the end of the monograph, Gibson suggests that visual information is
\ninternalized much like speech is internalized. Though the connections
\naren’t explicit in Gibson’s writing, this connects with Vygotsky, even
\ncomplicating Vygotsky’s stance on speech as it shifts from egocentric and social
\nto inner. Gibson proposes that pictures and picture-making (non-discursive
\nforms) are also internalized (What would this mean for Vygotsky?). <\/p>\n

Niche: a set of affordances (128)
\nPhysical vs. phenomenal value (140)
\nConnection to Gestalt psychology and Koffka (138)<\/p>\n

Key terms: ecological optics (48), tools (40), occluding edge (80),
\naffordances (127), locomotion and manipulation (224), theory of information
\npickup (239), nonperceptual awareness (tacit) (255), <\/p>\n

"This capacity to attach something to the body <\/i>suggests that the
\nboundary between the animal and the environment is not fixed at the surface
\nof the skin<\/b> but can shift. More generally it suggests the absolute
\nduality<\/b> of ‘objective and subjective" is false<\/b>" (41).<\/p>\n

"The affordances<\/b> of the environment are what it offers the animal,
\nwhat it provides or furnishes, either for good or ill" (127).<\/p>\n

"An important fact about the affordances of the environment is that they are
\nin a sense objective<\/b>, real<\/b>, and physical<\/b>, unlike values and
\nmeanings, which are often supposed to be subjective, phenomenal, and mental"
\n(129). Affordances are environmental facts<\/b> and behavioral facts<\/b>.
\nAgency with affordances is physical (?) and extralinguistic. <\/p>\n

"Any substance, any surface, any layout has some affordance for benefit or
\ninjury to someone. Physics may be value-free<\/b>, but ecology<\/b> is not"
\n(140). <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u23f3 Approximate reading time: <\/span> 2<\/span> mins<\/span><\/span>Gibson, James J. The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1986.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[175],"tags":[1038,1331,1332,398,1333,1037,1334,525,1044,1335,1045,810,589,1098,1336,469,1049,1337,1338,1339],"class_list":["post-7051","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-toolsinuse","tag-affordance","tag-ambience","tag-array","tag-ecology","tag-events","tag-gestalt","tag-illumination","tag-medium","tag-niche","tag-optics","tag-perception","tag-perspective","tag-pickup","tag-picture","tag-radiation","tag-reality","tag-substance","tag-surface","tag-units","tag-vision"],"yoast_head":"\nGibson, The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception - Earth Wide Moth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/2006\/10\/17\/gibson-the-ecol\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Gibson, The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception - Earth Wide Moth\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u23f3 Approximate reading time: 2 minsGibson, James J. 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R.E. Shaw and J. Bransford, eds. Hillsdale, N.J.: Elrbaum, 1977. Gibson's seminal essay introduces the term, affordances, and articulates the nuances in its application to ecological psychology. An affordance, according to Gibson, is \"a specific combination of the properties\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Tools-in-use"","block_context":{"text":"Tools-in-use","link":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/category\/toolsinuse\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":6635,"url":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/2006\/10\/17\/information-pic\/","url_meta":{"origin":7051,"position":1},"title":"Information Pickup","author":"Derek Mueller","date":"October 17, 2006","format":false,"excerpt":"I was reading for exams when I came across \"The Theory of Information Pickup and Its Consequences,\" Ch. 14 in James Gibson's The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception. 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It tracks through Weinberger, as well, so the application here isn't out of the blue.\u00a0 In his chapter on Space in Small Pieces Loosely Joined Weinberger\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Networks"","block_context":{"text":"Networks","link":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/category\/networkacy\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":7056,"url":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/2006\/10\/22\/wertsch-mind-as\/","url_meta":{"origin":7051,"position":5},"title":"Wertsch, Mind as Action","author":"Derek Mueller","date":"October 22, 2006","format":false,"excerpt":"Wertsch, James. Mind as Action. New York: Oxford, 1998. Sociocultural analysis is best understood by taking into account \"mental functioning\" as it relates to \"cultural, institutional, and historical context[s]\" (3). 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