{"id":7045,"date":"2006-10-02T11:03:08","date_gmt":"2006-10-02T11:03:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/2006\/10\/02\/cooper-the-ecol\/"},"modified":"2006-10-02T11:03:08","modified_gmt":"2006-10-02T11:03:08","slug":"cooper-the-ecol","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/2006\/10\/02\/cooper-the-ecol\/","title":{"rendered":"Cooper, &#8220;The Ecology of Writing&#8221;"},"content":{"rendered":"<span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">\u23f3 Approximate reading time: <\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 2<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">mins<\/span><\/span>\n<p style=\"text-indent: -0.5in; margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in\">Cooper,<br \/>\n          Marilyn. &quot;The Ecology of Writing.&quot; <i>College English<\/i><br \/>\n          48.4 (1986). 364-375.<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>Setting out from Hairston&#8217;s 1982 embrace of &quot;a process-centered theory of<br \/>\nteaching writing&quot; to &quot;process, not product,&quot; what happens when writers write has<br \/>\nbeen reduced, hazardously, to a simplistic cognitive process. The cognitive<br \/>\nprocess model idealizes the <b>solitary author<\/b>, isolating the author from<br \/>\nthe social world. Cooper emphasizes a social turn: <b>language is essentially<br \/>\nsocial<\/b>. <\/p>\n<p><b>Ecology<\/b> does <b>not<\/b> equal <b>context<\/b>, which, read through<br \/>\nBurke&#8217;s pentad, concerns individual language acts. An ecologist, on the other<br \/>\nhand, takes into account the <b>systemic effects of writing<\/b>.<br \/>\nEcological systems are <b>&quot;inherently dynamic&quot;<\/b> (368). The systems are <b><br \/>\nconcrete<\/b> (distinguishable) and also <b>interwoven<\/b>. <b>Intimacy<\/b> and<br \/>\n<b>power<\/b> are two determinants of the interactions between writers.<br \/>\nEcological systems are also moderated by <b>cultural norms<\/b> and <b>textual<br \/>\nforms<\/b> (370). <\/p>\n<p>Cooper introduces the primary metaphor for ecological systems: the <b>web<\/b>.<br \/>\nShe begins to discuss <b>audience<\/b> in terms of such a model. Audience becomes<br \/>\nreal in an ecological model.<\/p>\n<p>Terms: &quot;writing theory&quot; (365c), tyranny of the solitary author ideal (366),<br \/>\nwriting as a &quot;way of acting&quot; (373).<\/p>\n<p>&quot;Like all theoretical models, the cognitive process model projects an <b><br \/>\nideal image<\/b>, in this case an image of a writer that, transmitted through<br \/>\nwriting pedagogy, <b>influences our attitudes<\/b> and the attitudes of our<br \/>\nstudents <b>toward writing<\/b>&quot; (365). <\/p>\n<p>&quot;Such changes in writing pedagogy indicate that the perspective allowed by<br \/>\nthe dominant model has again become <b>too confining<\/b>&quot; (366). <\/p>\n<p>&quot;What I would like to propose is an <b>ecological model of writing<\/b>, whose<br \/>\nfundamental tenet is that <b>writing is an activity through which a person is<br \/>\ncontinually engaged with a variety of socially constituted systems<\/b>&quot; (367).<\/p>\n<p>&quot;Thus, though the grammar allows one to assign labels to important aspects of<br \/>\na situation, it does not enable one to explain how the situation is <b>causally<br \/>\nrelated<\/b> to other situations&quot; (368). <\/p>\n<p>&quot;An <b>ecologist explores<\/b> how writers interact to form <b>systems<\/b>:<br \/>\nall the characteristics of any individual writer or piece of writing both<br \/>\ndetermine and are determined by the characteristics of all other writers and<br \/>\nwritings in the system&quot; (368).<\/p>\n<p>&quot;The <b>systems<\/b> are not given, not limitations on writers; instead they<br \/>\n<b>are made and remade by writers in the act of writing<\/b>&quot; (368). <\/p>\n<p>&quot;As should be obvious, the perspective of the ecological model offers a <b><br \/>\nsalutary correction<\/b> of vision on the question of <b>audience<\/b>&quot; (371). It<br \/>\nrenders audience real rather than imagined&#8211;the outcropping of a mental<br \/>\nconstruct.<\/p>\n<p>&quot;Writing, thus, is seen to be both constituted by and constitutive of these<br \/>\never-changing systems, systems through which people relate as complete, social<br \/>\nbeings, rather than imaging each other as remote <b>images<\/b>: an author, an<br \/>\naudience&quot; (373).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">\u23f3 Approximate reading time: <\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 2<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">mins<\/span><\/span>Cooper, Marilyn. &quot;The Ecology of Writing.&quot; College English 48.4 (1986). 364-375.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[175],"tags":[713,135,398,385,1042,1287,553,141,1008,931,130,626,391,593,140],"class_list":["post-7045","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-toolsinuse","tag-audience","tag-cognition","tag-ecology","tag-error","tag-interaction","tag-intimacy","tag-language","tag-models","tag-paradigm","tag-power","tag-process","tag-social","tag-systems","tag-web","tag-writing"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.0 - 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