{"id":7011,"date":"2006-07-27T15:20:46","date_gmt":"2006-07-27T15:20:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/2006\/07\/27\/gibson-theory-o\/"},"modified":"2006-07-27T15:20:46","modified_gmt":"2006-07-27T15:20:46","slug":"gibson-theory-o","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/2006\/07\/27\/gibson-theory-o\/","title":{"rendered":"Gibson, &#8220;Theory of Affordances&#8221;"},"content":{"rendered":"<span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">\u23f3 Approximate reading time: <\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 2<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">mins<\/span><\/span>\n<p style=\"text-indent: -0.5in; margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in\">Gibson,<br \/>\n          James J. &quot;The Theory of Affordances.&quot; <i>Perceiving, Acting,<br \/>\n          and Knowing<\/i>. R.E. Shaw and J. Bransford, eds. Hillsdale, N.J.: Elrbaum,<br \/>\n          1977.<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>Gibson&#8217;s seminal essay introduces the term, <b>affordances<\/b>, and<br \/>\narticulates the nuances in its application to ecological psychology. An<br \/>\naffordance, according to Gibson, is &quot;a specific combination of the properties of<br \/>\nits substance and its surfaces taken with reference to an animal&quot; (67).<br \/>\nAffordances are <b>species-specific<\/b>; they are functionally generic, in this<br \/>\nsense, applying differently according to the physiological tendencies of an<br \/>\nanimal. <\/p>\n<p>Affordances are those perceived aspects of the environment that suggest<br \/>\nsuitability to habituated action (action likely to be carried out in kind by<br \/>\nothers of the species). <b>Objects<\/b>, <b>substances<\/b>, and <b>events<\/b> all<br \/>\nafford activities (^events <i>afford<\/i> exigence). <b>Niche<\/b>, for Gibson, is<br \/>\na set of affordances (<i>how<\/i> one lives rather than where, rather than <i><br \/>\nhabitat<\/i>). And while niches are not, strictly speaking, places, they involve<br \/>\noccupation and suitability (even sustainability?). They also take root in a<br \/>\nmiddle space between the subjective and objective, according to Gibson (69). An<br \/>\naffordance is not wholly dependent on the observer&#8217;s perspective nor on the<br \/>\nabsolute physical properties of an object. Niche, however, guides us toward an<br \/>\nunderstanding of affordances as real&#8211;constitutive of the <b>phenomenal<br \/>\nenvironment<\/b> (70). <\/p>\n<p>Gibson further develops the concept of affordances using a series of<br \/>\nquestion-guided subsections:<\/p>\n<p>What do substances afford? (71): ripeness and pleasure<br \/>\nWhat do surfaces and their layouts afford? (72): obstacles and locomotion<br \/>\nThe Affording of <b>Concealment<\/b> (73): from <b>ecological optics<\/b>,<br \/>\nconcealment involves positioning relative to layout<br \/>\nWhat do detached objects afford? (74): manipulation and tool-use<br \/>\nWhat do other animals and other people afford? (75): interaction, animation and<br \/>\nothering<br \/>\nSummary: Positive and Negative Affordances (76): &quot;There has been endless debate<br \/>\namong philosophers and psychologists as to whether values were physical or<br \/>\nphenomenal, in the world of matter or only in the world of mind. For affordances<br \/>\nas distinguished from values the debate does not apply. They are neither in the<br \/>\none world or the other inasmuch as they theory of two worlds is rejected. There<br \/>\nis only one environment, although it contains many observers with limitless<br \/>\nopportunities for them to live in it&quot; (77).<\/p>\n<p>In the section titled, &quot;The Origin of the Theory of Affordances,&quot; Gibson<br \/>\nsituates affordances in work by Gestalt psychologists. He invokes <b>valence<\/b>,<br \/>\na concept he attributes to Lewin which applies to the behavioral object rather<br \/>\nthan the geographical object. The phenomenological object is entangled with the<br \/>\nintensities of the user. But Gibson wants to qualify affordances as something<br \/>\nmore persistent than vectors and valences (78). <\/p>\n<p>In the final section of the essay, Gibson distinguishes between perceiving<br \/>\nand misperceiving affordances. The need for perception means that affordances<br \/>\ncan also be misperceived. : &quot;No wonder, then, that quicksand is sometimes<br \/>\nmistaken for sand, that a pitfall can be mistaken for solid ground, that poison<br \/>\nivy is sometimes mistaken for ivy, and that acid can be taken for water&quot; (81).<\/p>\n<p>&quot;Now just as surfaces are stand-on-able and sit-on-able so also are they<br \/>\nbump-into-able or get-underneath-able, or climb-on-able, or fall-off-able&quot; (68).<\/p>\n<p>^Is Gibson&#8217;s a modernist project dependent on restrictive (or regular)<br \/>\npatterns of human behavior?&nbsp; What, if not an affordance, is the<br \/>\nexperimental edge of the thing-in-use? Are affordances incompatible with<br \/>\nsingularity? Given the ties to perception (and ecological optics), this is an<br \/>\ninteresting pairing with VV&#8217;s<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/eris.earthwidemoth.com\/archives\/001294.html\">&quot;Seeing in Third<br \/>\nSophistic Ways.&quot;<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Key phrases: Koffka&#8217;s &quot;demand character&quot; (77), Kurt Lewin&#8217;s<br \/>\n&quot;invitation-character&quot; (78), valence (78), vectors (78), <\/p>\n<dl>\n<dt>Related sources:<\/dt>\n<dd>Koffka, K. <i>Principles of Gestalt Psychology<\/i>. New York: Harcourt,<br \/>\n  Brace, &amp; World, Inc., 1935.<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">\u23f3 Approximate reading time: <\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 2<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">mins<\/span><\/span>Gibson, James J. &quot;The Theory of Affordances.&quot; Perceiving, Acting, and Knowing. R.E. Shaw and J. Bransford, eds. Hillsdale, N.J.: Elrbaum, 1977.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[175],"tags":[1038,1039,398,1040,1037,1041,1042,1043,1044,1045,1046,1047,469,1048,1049,1050,1051],"class_list":["post-7011","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-toolsinuse","tag-affordance","tag-concealment","tag-ecology","tag-environment","tag-gestalt","tag-habitat","tag-interaction","tag-manipulation","tag-niche","tag-perception","tag-phenomenology","tag-properties","tag-reality","tag-species","tag-substance","tag-valence","tag-vectors"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Gibson, &quot;Theory of Affordances&quot; - Earth Wide Moth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/2006\/07\/27\/gibson-theory-o\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Gibson, &quot;Theory of Affordances&quot; - Earth Wide Moth\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u23f3 Approximate reading time:  2 minsGibson, James J. &quot;The Theory of Affordances.&quot; Perceiving, Acting, and Knowing. R.E. Shaw and J. Bransford, eds. Hillsdale, N.J.: Elrbaum, 1977.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/2006\/07\/27\/gibson-theory-o\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Earth Wide Moth\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/derek.mueller\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/derek.mueller\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2006-07-27T15:20:46+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Derek Mueller\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Derek Mueller\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.earthwidemoth.com\\\/blog\\\/2006\\\/07\\\/27\\\/gibson-theory-o\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.earthwidemoth.com\\\/blog\\\/2006\\\/07\\\/27\\\/gibson-theory-o\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Derek Mueller\",\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/www.earthwidemoth.com\\\/blog\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/66fc5e80a62f53057760790b1cfeb24b\"},\"headline\":\"Gibson, &#8220;Theory of Affordances&#8221;\",\"datePublished\":\"2006-07-27T15:20:46+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.earthwidemoth.com\\\/blog\\\/2006\\\/07\\\/27\\\/gibson-theory-o\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":596,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/www.earthwidemoth.com\\\/blog\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/66fc5e80a62f53057760790b1cfeb24b\"},\"keywords\":[\"affordance\",\"concealment\",\"ecology\",\"environment\",\"Gestalt\",\"habitat\",\"interaction\",\"manipulation\",\"niche\",\"perception\",\"phenomenology\",\"properties\",\"reality\",\"species\",\"substance\",\"valence\",\"vectors\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Tools-in-use\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.earthwidemoth.com\\\/blog\\\/2006\\\/07\\\/27\\\/gibson-theory-o\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.earthwidemoth.com\\\/blog\\\/2006\\\/07\\\/27\\\/gibson-theory-o\\\/\",\"name\":\"Gibson, \\\"Theory of Affordances\\\" - Earth Wide Moth\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/www.earthwidemoth.com\\\/blog\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2006-07-27T15:20:46+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.earthwidemoth.com\\\/blog\\\/2006\\\/07\\\/27\\\/gibson-theory-o\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.earthwidemoth.com\\\/blog\\\/2006\\\/07\\\/27\\\/gibson-theory-o\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.earthwidemoth.com\\\/blog\\\/2006\\\/07\\\/27\\\/gibson-theory-o\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"http:\\\/\\\/www.earthwidemoth.com\\\/blog\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Gibson, &#8220;Theory of Affordances&#8221;\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/www.earthwidemoth.com\\\/blog\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"http:\\\/\\\/www.earthwidemoth.com\\\/blog\\\/\",\"name\":\"Earth Wide Moth\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/www.earthwidemoth.com\\\/blog\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/66fc5e80a62f53057760790b1cfeb24b\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"http:\\\/\\\/www.earthwidemoth.com\\\/blog\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":[\"Person\",\"Organization\"],\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/www.earthwidemoth.com\\\/blog\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/66fc5e80a62f53057760790b1cfeb24b\",\"name\":\"Derek Mueller\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i0.wp.com\\\/www.earthwidemoth.com\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/04\\\/cropped-bmartwork.png?fit=1220%2C480\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i0.wp.com\\\/www.earthwidemoth.com\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/04\\\/cropped-bmartwork.png?fit=1220%2C480\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i0.wp.com\\\/www.earthwidemoth.com\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/04\\\/cropped-bmartwork.png?fit=1220%2C480\",\"width\":1220,\"height\":480,\"caption\":\"Derek Mueller\"},\"logo\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i0.wp.com\\\/www.earthwidemoth.com\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/04\\\/cropped-bmartwork.png?fit=1220%2C480\"},\"sameAs\":[\"http:\\\/\\\/www.derekmueller.net\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/derek.mueller\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.instagram.com\\\/dereknmueller\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.youtube.com\\\/user\\\/dnmueller\"],\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.earthwidemoth.com\\\/blog\\\/author\\\/dmueller\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Gibson, \"Theory of Affordances\" - Earth Wide Moth","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/2006\/07\/27\/gibson-theory-o\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Gibson, \"Theory of Affordances\" - Earth Wide Moth","og_description":"\u23f3 Approximate reading time:  2 minsGibson, James J. &quot;The Theory of Affordances.&quot; Perceiving, Acting, and Knowing. R.E. Shaw and J. Bransford, eds. Hillsdale, N.J.: Elrbaum, 1977.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/2006\/07\/27\/gibson-theory-o\/","og_site_name":"Earth Wide Moth","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/derek.mueller","article_author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/derek.mueller","article_published_time":"2006-07-27T15:20:46+00:00","author":"Derek Mueller","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Derek Mueller","Est. reading time":"3 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/2006\/07\/27\/gibson-theory-o\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/2006\/07\/27\/gibson-theory-o\/"},"author":{"name":"Derek Mueller","@id":"http:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/66fc5e80a62f53057760790b1cfeb24b"},"headline":"Gibson, &#8220;Theory of Affordances&#8221;","datePublished":"2006-07-27T15:20:46+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/2006\/07\/27\/gibson-theory-o\/"},"wordCount":596,"publisher":{"@id":"http:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/66fc5e80a62f53057760790b1cfeb24b"},"keywords":["affordance","concealment","ecology","environment","Gestalt","habitat","interaction","manipulation","niche","perception","phenomenology","properties","reality","species","substance","valence","vectors"],"articleSection":["Tools-in-use"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/2006\/07\/27\/gibson-theory-o\/","url":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/2006\/07\/27\/gibson-theory-o\/","name":"Gibson, \"Theory of Affordances\" - Earth Wide Moth","isPartOf":{"@id":"http:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/#website"},"datePublished":"2006-07-27T15:20:46+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/2006\/07\/27\/gibson-theory-o\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/2006\/07\/27\/gibson-theory-o\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/2006\/07\/27\/gibson-theory-o\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"http:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Gibson, &#8220;Theory of Affordances&#8221;"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"http:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/#website","url":"http:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/","name":"Earth Wide Moth","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"http:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/66fc5e80a62f53057760790b1cfeb24b"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"http:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":["Person","Organization"],"@id":"http:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/66fc5e80a62f53057760790b1cfeb24b","name":"Derek Mueller","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/cropped-bmartwork.png?fit=1220%2C480","url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/cropped-bmartwork.png?fit=1220%2C480","contentUrl":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/cropped-bmartwork.png?fit=1220%2C480","width":1220,"height":480,"caption":"Derek Mueller"},"logo":{"@id":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/cropped-bmartwork.png?fit=1220%2C480"},"sameAs":["http:\/\/www.derekmueller.net\/","https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/derek.mueller","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/dereknmueller\/","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/user\/dnmueller"],"url":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/author\/dmueller\/"}]}},"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p7tdGk-1P5","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":7051,"url":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/2006\/10\/17\/gibson-the-ecol\/","url_meta":{"origin":7011,"position":0},"title":"Gibson, The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception","author":"Derek Mueller","date":"October 17, 2006","format":false,"excerpt":"Gibson, James J. The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1986. In his discussion of the affordances of tools in the environment, Gibson up-ends commonplace distinctions between the objective and subjective and between the human being and the surrounds. That is, he describes affordances (a concept he\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Tools-in-use&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Tools-in-use","link":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/category\/toolsinuse\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":6240,"url":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/2005\/02\/15\/affordance-and\/","url_meta":{"origin":7011,"position":1},"title":"Affordance and Manipulanda","author":"Derek Mueller","date":"February 15, 2005","format":false,"excerpt":"What does a network afford? I'm setting out with hopes that I can wrap together a few thought-strands running through other coursework this week. It tracks through Weinberger, as well, so the application here isn't out of the blue.\u00a0 In his chapter on Space in Small Pieces Loosely Joined Weinberger\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Networks&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Networks","link":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/category\/networkacy\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":7057,"url":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/2006\/10\/23\/heft-ecological\/","url_meta":{"origin":7011,"position":2},"title":"Heft, Ecological Psychology in Context","author":"Derek Mueller","date":"October 23, 2006","format":false,"excerpt":"Heft, Harry. Ecological Psychology in Context. Mahwah, N.J.: Erlbaum, 2001. Heft undertakes an ambitious project: to account broadly for the formation of ecological psychology as a viable and distinctive area of inquiry in the human sciences generally and in psychology more specifically. He reads the formation of ecological psychology through\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Tools-in-use&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Tools-in-use","link":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/category\/toolsinuse\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":6635,"url":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/2006\/10\/17\/information-pic\/","url_meta":{"origin":7011,"position":3},"title":"Information Pickup","author":"Derek Mueller","date":"October 17, 2006","format":false,"excerpt":"I was reading for exams when I came across \"The Theory of Information Pickup and Its Consequences,\" Ch. 14 in James Gibson's The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception. Gibson writes about ecological optics; a version of his theory of affordances appears in ch. 8. He's a small piece of what\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Reading Notes&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Reading Notes","link":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/category\/reading_notes\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":7056,"url":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/2006\/10\/22\/wertsch-mind-as\/","url_meta":{"origin":7011,"position":4},"title":"Wertsch, Mind as Action","author":"Derek Mueller","date":"October 22, 2006","format":false,"excerpt":"Wertsch, James. Mind as Action. New York: Oxford, 1998. Sociocultural analysis is best understood by taking into account \"mental functioning\" as it relates to \"cultural, institutional, and historical context[s]\" (3). Toward an integrative methodology for the human sciences (set against the APA's 49 divisions and much disciplinary wrangling), Werstch proposes\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Tools-in-use&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Tools-in-use","link":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/category\/toolsinuse\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":7072,"url":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/2006\/11\/07\/wysocki-awaywit-1\/","url_meta":{"origin":7011,"position":5},"title":"Wysocki, &#8220;Awaywithwords&#8221;","author":"Derek Mueller","date":"November 7, 2006","format":false,"excerpt":"Wysocki, Anne F. \"Awaywithwords: On the Possibilities in Unavailable Designs.\" Computers and Composition 22 (2005) 55-62. In this brief article, Wysocki complicates the dichotomy between image and word, a division reinforced in the work of Kress, who partitions words and their \"temporal and sequential logic\" from \"image-presentations\" and their \"spatial\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Visuality and New Media&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Visuality and New Media","link":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/category\/visuality_and_n\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7011","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7011"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7011\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7011"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7011"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7011"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}