{"id":7003,"date":"2006-07-19T17:06:10","date_gmt":"2006-07-19T17:06:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/2006\/07\/19\/nakamura-race-i\/"},"modified":"2006-07-19T17:06:10","modified_gmt":"2006-07-19T17:06:10","slug":"nakamura-race-i","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/2006\/07\/19\/nakamura-race-i\/","title":{"rendered":"Nakamura, &#8220;Race In\/For Cyberspace&#8221;"},"content":{"rendered":"<span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">\u23f3 Approximate reading time: <\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 2<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">mins<\/span><\/span>\n<p style=\"text-indent: -0.5in; margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in\">Nakamura,<br \/>\n          Lisa. &quot;Race In\/For Cyberspace: Identity Tourism and Racial Passing<br \/>\n          on the Internet.&quot; Vitanza 141-154.<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>Nakamura&#8217;s critical account focuses centrally on identity tourism and racial<br \/>\npassing.&nbsp; She reads these issues through a series of events or happenings:<br \/>\n1. the &quot;On the Internet, nobody knows you&#8217;re a dog&quot; cartoon; 2. the matter of<br \/>\ncharacter (distinct from person&#8211;this is not clarified by Nakamura, but it comes<br \/>\nup in Frith and Barthes on &quot;voice&quot;); 3. the exoticization of space and<br \/>\ntheatricality of trying on characters; 4. nationalistic framings of cyberspace<br \/>\nas subject to a &quot;space race&quot; (149); and 5. a failed petition in LambdaMOO on<br \/>\nhate-crime (150).&nbsp; The petition failed because detractors contended that<br \/>\nrace was a willed disclosure; nobody was forced to disclose race. The absence of<br \/>\nrace then, as is central to Nakamura&#8217;s set of concerns, becomes a default<br \/>\nposition.&nbsp; LambaMOO, in fact, doesn&#8217;t even have an option for designating<br \/>\none&#8217;s race, and when racially suggestive names appeared in the MOO, they were<br \/>\nperceived, according to her research, as divisive or contrarian.&nbsp; <\/p>\n<p>^Consider the timing of this article relative to graphical web browsers.&nbsp;<br \/>\nHow does the visual web complicate this?&nbsp; And how, too, read alongside<br \/>\nmatters of person and character in voice (increasingly a disembodied voice) add<br \/>\na layer to the problem of &quot;writing&quot; oneself into the MOO?&nbsp; Is the<br \/>\nperson\/character problem for voice the same as the identity tourism problem for<br \/>\ntext-based online forums?<\/p>\n<p>&quot;Role-playing sites on the Internet such as LambdaMOO offer their<br \/>\nparticipants programming features such as the ability to physically &#8216;set&#8217; one&#8217;s<br \/>\ngender, race, and physical appearance, through which they can, indeed are<br \/>\nrequired to, project a version of the self which is inherently theatrical&quot;<br \/>\n(143).<\/p>\n<p>&quot;The borders and frontiers of cyberspace which had previously seemed so<br \/>\namorphous take on a keen sharpness when the enunciation of racial otherness is<br \/>\nput into play as performance&quot; (144).<\/p>\n<p>&quot;Identity tourism in cyberspaces like LambdaMOO functions as a fascinating<br \/>\nexample of the promise of high technology to enhance travel opportunities by<br \/>\nredefining what constitutes travel&#8211;logging on to a phantasmatic space where one<br \/>\ncan appropriate exotic identities means that one need never cross a physical<br \/>\nborder or even leave one&#8217;s armchair to go on vacation&quot; (148).<\/p>\n<p>&quot;Performing alternative versions of self and race jams the ideology-machine,<br \/>\nand facilitates a desirable opening up of what Judith Butler calls &#8216;the<br \/>\ndifficult future terrain of community&#8217;&quot; (153).<\/p>\n<dl>\n<dt>Relates sources:<\/dt>\n<dd>Butler, Judith. Bodies That Matter: On the Discursive Limits of &quot;Sex.&quot; New<br \/>\n  York: Routledge, 1993.<\/dd>\n<dd>Haraway, Donna. Simians, Cyborgs, and Women. New York: Routledge, 1991.<\/dd>\n<dd>Rheingold, Howard. The Virtual Community. New York: Harper-Perennial,<br \/>\n  1993.<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">\u23f3 Approximate reading time: <\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 2<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">mins<\/span><\/span>Nakamura, Lisa. &quot;Race In\/For Cyberspace: Identity Tourism and Racial Passing on the Internet.&quot; Vitanza 141-154.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[174],"tags":[267,980,483,981,907,938,982,910,983,984,140],"class_list":["post-7003","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-writing_technol","tag-autonomy","tag-cyberspace","tag-ethnography","tag-gender","tag-identity","tag-individual","tag-passing","tag-race","tag-roleplaying","tag-tourism","tag-writing"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.0 - 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The article introduces\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Writing Technologies&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Writing Technologies","link":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/category\/writing_technol\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":6991,"url":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/2006\/07\/02\/banks-race-rhet\/","url_meta":{"origin":7003,"position":3},"title":"Banks, Race, Rhetoric, and Technology","author":"Derek Mueller","date":"July 2, 2006","format":false,"excerpt":"Banks, Adam J. Race, Rhetoric, and Technology: Searching for Higher Ground. Mahwah, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum, 2006. \"The questions remain, hauntingly: Is it possible to make this nation a just one for Black people? Is it worth the struggle? 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