{"id":6989,"date":"2006-07-01T17:02:40","date_gmt":"2006-07-01T17:02:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/2006\/07\/01\/baron-from-penc\/"},"modified":"2006-07-01T17:02:40","modified_gmt":"2006-07-01T17:02:40","slug":"baron-from-penc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/2006\/07\/01\/baron-from-penc\/","title":{"rendered":"Baron, “From Pencils to Pixels”"},"content":{"rendered":"\u23f3 Approximate reading time: <\/span> 2<\/span> mins<\/span><\/span>\n

Barron,
\n Dennis. "From Pencils to Pixels: The Stages of Literacy Technologies."
\n Cushman, Kintgen, Kroll, and Rose 70-84.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Baron’s article, first printed in Selfe and Hawisher’s Passions,
\nPedagogies<\/i>, includes several figures representative of the points he makes
\nrelated to a genealogy of writing instruments, from Sumerian reeds to pencils to
\ncomputers.  "From Pencils to Pixels" is, in one sense, a historical piece
\nconcerned with identifying the impact of new and emerging technologies on
\nwriting activity.  That is, the pencil, even though it wasn’t initially
\ndesigned for writing (instead, it was designed to mark lines for measurement)
\nbecame the most ubiquitous writing instrument ever.  Baron takes a moderate
\nstance after he announces at the outset that we must be cautious about
\nhyperbolic predictions for the future of computers (an indicator of 1999,
\nperhaps).  <\/p>\n

Summary statement: "My contention in this essay is a modest one: the computer
\nis simply the latest step in a long line of writing technologies. In many ways
\nits development parallels that of the pencil—hence my title–though the
\ncomputer seems more complex and is undoubtedly more expensive" (72).<\/p>\n

Like Ong, Baron makes the case for writing as a technology, too, but rather
\nthan considering the ways that writing (or the possibility of writing)
\nrestructures thought, he is foremost concerned with comparing the rise of the
\ncomputer with the development of the pencil.  <\/p>\n

"New communication technologies, if they catch on, go through a number of
\nstrikingly similar stages. After their invention, their speed depends on
\naccessibility<\/b>, function<\/b>, and authentication<\/b>" (71).  Baron
\ndwells on these three features, framing the computers mostly in functional terms
\nor, that is, as an instrument or apparatus rather than as material and
\nepistemological force implicated in a complex network or ecology.  This is,
\nof course, necessary given his comparison with the pencil, which he treats
\nlikewise.  <\/p>\n

Judging by the amount of space he devotes to it, Baron is concerned most of
\nall with authentication, ranging from issues of validity (forgery, for instance)
\nto related strands of privacy (78), corruption (81), security (81), fraud (80),
\nand integrity (81).  This also connects with concerns about error (82) and
\ntranclusivity (81) or the problem of multiple versions of a document, problems
\ntracking changes, methods for verifying dates of production, and so on. <\/p>\n

"But technology has a trailing edge as well as a down side, and studying how
\ncomputers are put to use raises serious issues in the politics of work and
\nmechanisms of social control" (83).<\/p>\n

\n
Related sources:<\/dt>\n
Bolter, Jay. Source unnamed. (74b)<\/dd>\n
Marvin, Carolyn. 1988. When Old Technologies Were New: Thinking about
\n Electric Communication in the Late Nineteenth Century<\/i>. New York: Oxford
\n UP. <\/dd>\n
Petroski, Henry. 1990. The Pencil: A History of Design and Circumstance<\/i>.
\n New York: Knopf.<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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