{"id":6422,"date":"2005-09-29T22:15:00","date_gmt":"2005-09-29T22:15:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/2005\/09\/29\/mitchell-pictur\/"},"modified":"2005-09-29T22:15:00","modified_gmt":"2005-09-29T22:15:00","slug":"mitchell-pictur","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/2005\/09\/29\/mitchell-pictur\/","title":{"rendered":"Mitchell – Picture Theory<\/i> (1994)"},"content":{"rendered":"\u23f3 Approximate reading time: <\/span> 5<\/span> mins<\/span><\/span>

Some risk involved in beginning with a leap; Mitchell’s Picture Theory<\/i>
\nsplinters through the title’s pun–a theory of pictures and theory pictured or
\npicture-able.  In the introduction, Mitchell calls the problem of the 21st
\nC. a problem of the image.  This opens onto difficulties with the
\nrelationship between word and image, mapping and organizing fields of
\nrepresentation, and discord between reading proper and spectatorship (3). 
\nFumble them as we inevitably will, these and other differences might seem less
\ngnarled if we "adopt Michel de Certau’s terminology and call the attempt to
\ndescribe [them] a ‘heterology of representation’" (5). <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

This project–from theory-orientation of the first three chapters to the
\napplications in the remainder of the book–develops out of a concern with agency
\nand attempts to "open onto the image\/text problematic" (7).  It also
\nexpresses a function related to curriculum and theory (6) in an effort to engage
\nthe following three questions: "What are pictures? What is their relationship to
\nlanguage? Why does this matter?" (5).<\/p>\n

"The Pictorial Turn"
\nIn this chapter, Mitchell begins with Rorty’s idea of "turns" in philosophy; the
\npictorial turn engages the spectator-scene relation; it involves stances on the
\nmass circulation of images and their relationship to text.  This iconology
\nis complicated by the formalizing of visual arts as a discipline, by resistance
\nto images in text (12), and postmodern upheavals of perspectival theories of
\nrepresentation.  In a nutshell (the picture of a nutshell):<\/p>\n

\nWhatever the pictorial turn is, then, it should be clear that it is not a
\nreturn to naive mimesis, copy or correspondence theories of representation, or a
\nrenewed metaphysics of pictorial "presence": it is rather a postlinguistic,
\npostsemiotic rediscovery of the picture as a course, bodies, and figurality. 
\nIt is the realization that spectatorship (the look, the gaze, the glance, the
\npractices of observation, surveillance, and visual pleasure) may be as deep a
\nproblem as various forms of reading (decipherment, decoding, interpretation,
\netc.) and that visual experience or "visual literacy" might not be fully
\nexplicable on the model of textuality (16).  <\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

This tangle (tango?) between spectatorship and reading jostles conventional
\nnotions of reading as an undifferentiated activity (the common assumption:
\neveryone gets "reading").  The move to complicate or question (interrogate)
\nthe spectator stands out from the rest of what Mitchell is doing here.  It
\nsprings from the pictorial turn: where are the differentiated models for
\nreading?  Who’s running them off?  How are those (faintly)
\ndifferentiated models re-domesticated under the rubric of literacy (toss in
\n‘critical’ if you want)? Finally, Mitchell has a nice set six scenic inquiries
\nalong the lines of "what might we notice?" (26).<\/p>\n

"Metapictures"
\nIn this essay "on pictures about pictures," (35) Mitchell works through "an
\narray" (57) of six+ images as a way to tease out the infinite relation between
\nimage and text suggested by Foucault in
\nThe Order of Things<\/i>.  Mitchell calls his procedure "ekphrastic,"
\nwhich refers to "words about pictures" (38).  Self-referential images, like
\nSaul Steinberg’s The Spiral (1968), call attention to but
\ncannot exhaust the "nested" representational possibilities (42).  In a
\nsection on "Dialectical Images," Mitchell works on the problem of "multistability"
\n(43)–the blinking of an image that seemingly toggles back and forth (without
\ndimming).  Can it be both?  The model here is the Rabbit-Duck that so
\nconcerned Wittgenstein. Its "what am I?" is perpetually unresolved. 
\nWittgenstein would give the Rabbit-Duck the possibility of both expressions at
\nonce, thus "restoring the ‘wildness’" diminished by "psychology and by
\nphotographic models of the psyche" (53).  <\/p>\n

Mitchell calls Valesquz’s "Las Meninas" a meta-metapicture; the famous
\npainting implicates us in the infinite referentiality–an undying parallax. 
\nIs that you<\/i> in the mirror observing the whole scene?  For Foucault,
\nthe importance of the painting is its way of keeping open those possibilities
\nrather than fixing the relationships through naming.<\/p>\n

\n<\/p>\n

At the end of the chapter, Mitchel considers "Talking
\nMetapictures" (64): This is not a pipe, The two mysteries, and Arcadia Ego. 
\nSuch images suggest different effects; it’s worth noting the primacy of text in
\npictures of reading.  Even in "This is not a pipe," the text tends to come
\ndefine the picture of the pipe rather than the other way around–"discourse has
\nthe final say" (66). <\/p>\n

"Beyond Comparison: Picture, Text and Method"
\nA method of imagetext must not become trapped in conventional comparisons. 
\nMitchell proposes imagetext not as kind of reduction or collapsing of image into
\ntext or text into image, but rather as a way to "pry them open" (100, 106). 
\nFurthermore, a method of imagetext understands the varied disciplinary
\nexpectancies: these ideas might unsurprising to art historians who have long
\nlistened to images or literary scholars for whom imagery is passe (99). 
\nMitchell asks us to move beyond comparison–"the ideal trope for figuring
\n‘action at a distance’ between different systems" (85).  Why?<\/p>\n

\nIf the relation of the visible and the readable is (as Foucault thought) an
\ninfinite one, that is, if ‘word and image’ is simply the unsatisfactory name for
\nan unstable dialectic that constantly shifts its location in representational
\npractices, breaking both pictorial and discursive frames and undermining the
\nassumptions that underwrite the separation of the verbal and visual disciplines,
\nthen theoretical pictures may be mainly useful as de-disciplinary exercises
\n(83).<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Terms: iconology (24), multistability (45), hypericon (28), ekphastic
\nprocedure (38), gestalt (42), nesting (48), assemblages (49), figure and dead
\nmetaphor (66), textual repetition and defacing (69), bands of readability (71), apotropaic
\nimage (78), attributed masteries (63), calligram (77)<\/p>\n

Effects (not to be confused with theme or topoi) (74): Pipe Effect (74), Vortex
\nEffect (75), Medusa Effect (78)<\/p>\n

Figures: McLuhan (15), Panofsky (16), Foucault (5, 18, 60), Jonathan Crary
\n(19), Althusser (29), Wittgenstein (60), de Certau (5, 71), Deleuze (70)<\/p>\n

\n<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\n<\/p>\n

"Is iconology, in contrast to its ‘disintegrative’ methodological cousin,
\nphilology, incapable of registering ‘faults’ in culture, the fractures in
\nrepresentation, and the resistance of spectators?" (23).<\/p>\n

\n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u23f3 Approximate reading time: <\/span> 5<\/span> mins<\/span><\/span>Some risk involved in beginning with a leap; Mitchell’s Picture Theory splinters through the title’s pun–a theory of pictures and theory pictured or picture-able.  In the introduction, Mitchell calls the problem of the 21st C. a problem of the image.  This opens onto difficulties with the relationship between word and image, mapping and organizing fields…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[167],"tags":[441,480,479,2019,388,443,417,433],"class_list":["post-6422","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-reading_notes","tag-image","tag-imagetext","tag-mitchell","tag-pictorial-turn","tag-pictures","tag-text","tag-theory","tag-visuality"],"yoast_head":"\nMitchell - 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What Do Pictures Want?: The Lives and Loves of Images. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 2005. What Do Pictures Want? is divided into three sections, each devoted to one of Mitchell's key concepts for explaining pictures: image, object, and medium. The book achieves a certain coherence, but because\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Visuality and New Media"","block_context":{"text":"Visuality and New Media","link":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/category\/visuality_and_n\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":6372,"url":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/2005\/08\/12\/for-reading\/","url_meta":{"origin":6422,"position":1},"title":"For Reading","author":"Derek Mueller","date":"August 12, 2005","format":false,"excerpt":"Here are the booklists for the two classes I'm taking this fall.\u00a0 I ordered many of them the other day (had several from the second list already on the office shelf).\u00a0 The second class (690) is an independent study, so I was thinking that it might be worthwhile to (semi)formalize\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Reading Notes"","block_context":{"text":"Reading Notes","link":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/category\/reading_notes\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":6782,"url":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/2007\/07\/06\/seasonal-visito\/","url_meta":{"origin":6422,"position":2},"title":"Seasonal Visitors","author":"Derek Mueller","date":"July 6, 2007","format":false,"excerpt":"Early in The Function of Theory in Composition Studies, S\u00e1nchez discusses the differences between applying theory and writing theory. He refers to Hairston's \"The Winds of Change,\" as a moment that inaugurates \"an enduring method for 'doing' composition theory: take a term or concept from a more respected or respectable\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Reading Notes"","block_context":{"text":"Reading Notes","link":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/category\/reading_notes\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":7286,"url":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/2010\/09\/09\/theory-blackmai\/","url_meta":{"origin":6422,"position":3},"title":"Theory Blackmailed, or Invention Hobbled?","author":"Derek Mueller","date":"September 9, 2010","format":false,"excerpt":"Yesterday--day one of teaching in the new semester--did not quite go as planned, and in the wake of a couple of surprises, I didn't get around to posting like I intended to in recognition of the nth annual RB of September. After a few years such postings carry a some\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Reading Notes"","block_context":{"text":"Reading Notes","link":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/category\/reading_notes\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":7007,"url":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/2006\/07\/26\/neel-reclaiming\/","url_meta":{"origin":6422,"position":4},"title":"Neel, “Reclaiming Our Theoretical Heritage”","author":"Derek Mueller","date":"July 26, 2006","format":false,"excerpt":"Neel, Jasper. \"Reclaiming Our Theoretical Heritage: A Big Fish Tale.\" Olson 3-11. Neel complicates the theory and practice polarities; he argues, quite convincingly, that theory is not expendable. Advanced through analogies to whaling, the argument begins with an account of the Makah tribe's resumption of whaling practices in the Pacific\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Writing Technologies"","block_context":{"text":"Writing Technologies","link":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/category\/writing_technol\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":7077,"url":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/2006\/11\/12\/bolter-theory-a\/","url_meta":{"origin":6422,"position":5},"title":"Bolter, “Theory and Practice of New Media Studies”","author":"Derek Mueller","date":"November 12, 2006","format":false,"excerpt":"Bolter, Jay David. \"Theory and Practice of New Media Studies.\" Eds. Gunnar Liest\u00f8l,, Andrew Morrison and Terje Rasmussen. Digital Media Revisited: Theoretical and Conceptual Innovations in Digital Domains. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2004. 15-34. Bolter considers the place of \"new media studies\" in the humanities with specific attention to the\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Visuality and New Media"","block_context":{"text":"Visuality and New Media","link":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/category\/visuality_and_n\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6422","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6422"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6422\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6422"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6422"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6422"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}