{"id":6090,"date":"2004-05-16T13:12:26","date_gmt":"2004-05-16T13:12:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/2004\/05\/16\/dangelo-1977-in\/"},"modified":"2004-05-16T13:12:26","modified_gmt":"2004-05-16T13:12:26","slug":"dangelo-1977-in","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/2004\/05\/16\/dangelo-1977-in\/","title":{"rendered":"D&#8217;Angelo, 1977, &#8220;Intelligible Structure&#8221;"},"content":{"rendered":"<span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">\u23f3 Approximate reading time: <\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 4<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">mins<\/span><\/span><p class=\"citation\">&nbsp;D&#8217;Angelo,<br \/>\nFrank. &#8220;The Search for Intelligible Structure in the Teaching of Composition.&#8221; <i>On Writing Research: The Braddock Essays, 1975-1998<\/i>.<br \/>\nEd. Lisa Ede. New York: Bedford St. Martin&#8217;s, 1999. 51-59. <\/p>\n<p><b>Big Idea<br \/>\n<\/b>Look!&nbsp; We, compositionists, are disciplinarily vital. We have an<br \/>\nepicenter, proven radials, recognizable and defensible structures holding our<br \/>\nwork together.&nbsp; D&#8217;Angelo&#8217;s essay, I&#8217;d say, is best read as a freeze frame<br \/>\nin composition&#8217;s becoming.&nbsp; In his afterthought, he notes, &quot;Much has<br \/>\nhappened in the teaching of writing and literature that suggests that our<br \/>\nearlier emphasis on structure and sequence may have been misguided and<br \/>\nnaive&quot; (59). He cites a long list of folks (Leonard, V. Burke, Scully,<br \/>\nStade, W. Rice) whose critiques hammered at the (perceived to be) thin, 1976<br \/>\nshell of the dispersed ranges of academic writing.&nbsp; Toward &quot;new unity<br \/>\nand order,&quot; D&#8217;Angelo diagrams the modes of discourse, partners them with<br \/>\nKinneavy&#8217;s aims of discourse, and folds them together with the contention that<br \/>\nthe field must be drawn with a sense of coherence, visible chalk<br \/>\nlines.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>Monday Morning<br \/>\n<\/b><br \/>\nD&#8217;Angelo&#8217;s essay, brief as it is, proceeds descriptively more than<br \/>\ncritically.&nbsp; It&#8217;s not an overtly political defense of the field of<br \/>\ncomposition, but by leading with the allegations that &quot;writing is the<br \/>\ndisgrace of American education&quot; (Leonard) and that &quot;many entering<br \/>\nstudents are in fact &#8216;functionally illiterate&#8217;&quot; (Scully), the essay serves<br \/>\nup an answer as well as a call for a recentering of stray pedagogies.&nbsp; In<br \/>\none sense, I see D&#8217;Angelo&#8217;s Braddock as a crucial moment: it carved out a future<br \/>\ninto which compositionists could proceed critically.&nbsp; By promoting a<br \/>\ndisciplinary structure, it also sets up a core <i>fade to<\/i> (trained) corps <i>fade<br \/>\nto<\/i> clubhouse <i>fade to<\/i> &quot;what you&#8217;re doing isn&#8217;t<br \/>\ncomposition.&quot;&nbsp;&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p>Because I had time yesterday to take on a decent chunk of the latest <i>CE<\/i>,<br \/>\nI&#8217;m thinking about &quot;Intelligible Structure&quot; under beams of Bonnie<br \/>\nKyburz&#8217;s essay on chaos theory in composition and at least one small bit of<br \/>\nJoseph Harris&#8217; response to Beech and Thelin&#8217;s critique of his article on<br \/>\n&quot;Revision as a Critical Practice.&quot;&nbsp; First, Kyburz&#8217;s chaos theory<br \/>\nwork probably wouldn&#8217;t have been well received thirty years ago;<br \/>\n&quot;Intelligible Structure&quot; is, in part, D&#8217;Anglo&#8217;s response to Virginia<br \/>\nBurke&#8217;s claim that &quot;there is chaos today in the teaching of composition<br \/>\nbecause since the turn of the century, composition has lacked an informing discipline.&quot;<br \/>\nArguing for chaos could have been like rocks to a fragile figurine&#8211;hazardous.<br \/>\nAnd I wonder: are these different brands of chaos?&nbsp; In &quot;Meaning Finds<br \/>\na Way: Chaos (Theory) and Composition,&quot; Kyburz writes; <\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\n  I have long been fascinated (like Taylor and Walker) by the concept of<br \/>\n  writing as a chaotic process, and I find that this notion is encouraged by<br \/>\n  conversations regarding &quot;alternative discourses&quot; and<br \/>\n  &quot;post-process&quot; pedagogy.&nbsp; These progressive,<br \/>\n  &quot;alternative&quot; discourses&#8211;which shape-shift, form, and reform<br \/>\n  according to rhetorical purposes, unbound by the strictures of traditionally<br \/>\n  bland, uniform, and regulated &quot;academic writing&quot;&#8211;have recently<br \/>\n  gained currency in composition studies.&nbsp; Yet, as Gary Olson tells us,<br \/>\n  there remains within the field a conservative and nostalgic presence that<br \/>\n  denies these and other progressive discourses the sorts of disciplinary status<br \/>\n  that can create appreciable change for the composition classroom and for our<br \/>\n  notions of what we are about in composition studies (&quot;Working&quot;).<br \/>\n  Perhaps by returning in iterative fashion to the chaos metaphor&#8211;via chaos<br \/>\n  theory&#8211;that has for so long informed ideas about writing, we may find ourselves<br \/>\n  rethinking writing in increasingly complex and promising ways, effectively<br \/>\n  resisting pressures to define ourselves and our students through standardized<br \/>\n  testing and retrogressive pedagogies, among other ages practices, as the<br \/>\n  gatekeepers and worthy practitioners of &quot;order&quot; (that is, Standard<br \/>\n  Written&#8211;white, middle-class&#8211;English. (<i>CE<\/i> 66.5 505)\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Retrogressive pedagogies.&nbsp; Hmm.&nbsp; Good stuff.&nbsp; It reminds me of<br \/>\nJoseph Williams&#8217; phrasal links interface shared via <i>techrhet<\/i> a few weeks<br \/>\nago&#8211;loosely associated links from among the spray of web texts&#8211;discovery and<br \/>\npotentials in chaotic textual extension.&nbsp; Wonderful. <\/p>\n<p>And this clarification from Joseph Harris on his use of <i>diverge<\/i> fits<br \/>\nwith D&#8217;Angelo, too, I think: <\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\n  The verb I actually use in my essay is diverge.&nbsp; I don&#8217;t see myself as<br \/>\n  trying to head off or rebut the work of Ira Shor, James Berlin, or Patricia<br \/>\n  Bizzell. Rather, I view us as starting out with a similar set of aims and<br \/>\n  values, but ending up in different places, doing different kinds of<br \/>\n  work.&nbsp; Our approaches to teaching don&#8217;t conflict so much as branch away<br \/>\n  from one another.&nbsp; We need to find ways of talking about such divergences<br \/>\n  that don&#8217;t lock us into fixed antagonisms&#8211;and especially that resist<br \/>\n  valorizing some teachers for &quot;empowering&quot; students while dismissing<br \/>\n  others as serving the &quot;dominant ideology.&quot; (<i>CE<\/i> 66.5 557)\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>With this, then, I need only to note that I see D&#8217;Angelo&#8217;s essay as a<br \/>\nnecessary, momentary assembling of the field toward &quot;intelligible<br \/>\nstructure&quot; so that compositionists could, again, <i>diverge<\/i> in good<br \/>\nstead, loosely tied, supported, affirmed by some conceptual disciplinary<br \/>\nguard&#8211;a force at once beneficent and differentiating, making divergence<br \/>\npossible yet risky. <\/p>\n<p><b>Detached Structures <\/b> <\/p>\n<p>&quot;But one of the most important reasons for our inability to teach<br \/>\ncomposition adequately is that we have failed to identify the most significant<br \/>\nprinciples and concepts in the field which make intelligible everything we<br \/>\ndo&quot; (52). <\/p>\n<p>&quot;My thesis is that composition does not have an underlying structure<br \/>\nwhich gives unity and coherence to the field, that that structure can be<br \/>\nconceived of in terms of principles and forms (akin to those found in music or<br \/>\npainting, (for example), and that these principles and forms need to be taught<br \/>\nin an orderly sequence&quot; (53). <\/p>\n<p>&quot;Virginia Burke emphasizes this point even more forcefully: &#8216;There is<br \/>\nchaos today in the teaching of composition because since the turn of the<br \/>\ncentury, composition has lacked an informing discipline, without which no field<br \/>\ncan maintain its proper dimensions, the balance and proportion of its various<br \/>\nparts, or its very integrity. Consequently, the practice of composition has<br \/>\nshrunk, has lost important elements, has become a victim of all manner of<br \/>\ndistortion&#8217;&quot; (51). <\/p>\n<p>&quot;According to many critics, the composition curriculum was a loose<br \/>\namalgam of separate skills and content which tried to pursue its various<br \/>\nobjectives in a bewildering variety of ways&quot; (57). <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">\u23f3 Approximate reading time: <\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 4<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">mins<\/span><\/span>&nbsp;D&#8217;Angelo, Frank. &#8220;The Search for Intelligible Structure in the Teaching of Composition.&#8221; On Writing Research: The Braddock Essays, 1975-1998. Ed. Lisa Ede. New York: Bedford St. Martin&#8217;s, 1999. 51-59. Big Idea Look!&nbsp; We, compositionists, are disciplinarily vital. We have an epicenter, proven radials, recognizable and defensible structures holding our work together.&nbsp; D&#8217;Angelo&#8217;s essay, I&#8217;d say,&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[167],"tags":[200,231,228,232,229,1981,209,230],"class_list":["post-6090","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-reading_notes","tag-braddock","tag-chaos","tag-dangelo","tag-discourse","tag-harris","tag-intelligible-structure","tag-modes","tag-williams"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>D&#039;Angelo, 1977, &quot;Intelligible Structure&quot; - Earth Wide Moth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/2004\/05\/16\/dangelo-1977-in\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"D&#039;Angelo, 1977, &quot;Intelligible Structure&quot; - Earth Wide Moth\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u23f3 Approximate reading time:  4 mins&nbsp;D&#8217;Angelo, Frank. &#8220;The Search for Intelligible Structure in the Teaching of Composition.&#8221; On Writing Research: The Braddock Essays, 1975-1998. Ed. Lisa Ede. New York: Bedford St. Martin&#8217;s, 1999. 51-59. Big Idea Look!&nbsp; We, compositionists, are disciplinarily vital. We have an epicenter, proven radials, recognizable and defensible structures holding our work together.&nbsp; D&#8217;Angelo&#8217;s essay, I&#8217;d say,...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/2004\/05\/16\/dangelo-1977-in\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Earth Wide Moth\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/derek.mueller\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/derek.mueller\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2004-05-16T13:12:26+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Derek Mueller\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Derek Mueller\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.earthwidemoth.com\\\/blog\\\/2004\\\/05\\\/16\\\/dangelo-1977-in\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.earthwidemoth.com\\\/blog\\\/2004\\\/05\\\/16\\\/dangelo-1977-in\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Derek Mueller\",\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/www.earthwidemoth.com\\\/blog\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/66fc5e80a62f53057760790b1cfeb24b\"},\"headline\":\"D&#8217;Angelo, 1977, &#8220;Intelligible Structure&#8221;\",\"datePublished\":\"2004-05-16T13:12:26+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.earthwidemoth.com\\\/blog\\\/2004\\\/05\\\/16\\\/dangelo-1977-in\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1103,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/www.earthwidemoth.com\\\/blog\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/66fc5e80a62f53057760790b1cfeb24b\"},\"keywords\":[\"Braddock\",\"chaos\",\"DAngelo\",\"discourse\",\"Harris\",\"intelligible.structure\",\"modes\",\"Williams\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Reading Notes\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.earthwidemoth.com\\\/blog\\\/2004\\\/05\\\/16\\\/dangelo-1977-in\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.earthwidemoth.com\\\/blog\\\/2004\\\/05\\\/16\\\/dangelo-1977-in\\\/\",\"name\":\"D'Angelo, 1977, \\\"Intelligible Structure\\\" - 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Ed. Lisa Ede. New York: Bedford St. Martin's, 1999. 29-42. Big Idea Braddock's essay on the placement and patterns of topic sentences exposes a problem of referring students to mythic truths--affirmed in popular textbooks\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Reading Notes&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Reading Notes","link":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/category\/reading_notes\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":6136,"url":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/2004\/07\/25\/corder-1976-wha\/","url_meta":{"origin":6090,"position":1},"title":"Corder, 1976, &#8220;What I Learned at School&#8221;","author":"Derek Mueller","date":"July 25, 2004","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00a0Corder, Jim. \"What I Learned at School.\" On Writing Research: The Braddock Essays, 1975-1998. Ed. Lisa Ede. New York: Bedford St. Martin's, 1999. 43-50. Big Idea Jim Corder's essay playfully reconsiders his overeager commitment to write nine essays in one semester--projects written from the same nine calls issued to his\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Reading Notes&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Reading Notes","link":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/category\/reading_notes\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":7017,"url":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/2006\/08\/23\/hiatt-the-femin-1\/","url_meta":{"origin":6090,"position":2},"title":"Hiatt, &#8220;The Feminine Style&#8221;","author":"Derek Mueller","date":"August 23, 2006","format":false,"excerpt":"Hiatt, Mary P. \"The Feminine Style: Theory and Fact.\" 1978. On Writing Research: The Braddock Essays 1975-1998. Ed. Lisa Ede. New York: Bedford St. Martin's, 1999. 77-83. Hiatt's 1979 Braddock essay begins with a question about pattern and style in large batches of text: Is mass style observable? Hiatt pursues\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Writing Technologies&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Writing Technologies","link":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/category\/writing_technol\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":6798,"url":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/2007\/07\/27\/drosstertation-1\/","url_meta":{"origin":6090,"position":3},"title":"Drossertation","author":"Derek Mueller","date":"July 27, 2007","format":false,"excerpt":"Less than one sentence in, it occurred to me that much of the magnum opus would need to be rewritten. I mean that so far I have not been able to write perfectly intelligible, polished, ingenious prose on the first attempt. You can imagine my shock and dismay.","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Dissertation&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Dissertation","link":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/category\/dissertation\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":6122,"url":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/2004\/07\/04\/witte-1984-topi\/","url_meta":{"origin":6090,"position":4},"title":"Witte, 1984, &#8220;Topical Structure and Revision&#8221;","author":"Derek Mueller","date":"July 4, 2004","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00a0Witte, Stephen. \"Topical Structure and Revision: An Exploratory Study.\" On Writing Research: The Braddock Essays, 1975-1998. Ed. Lisa Ede. New York: Bedford St. Martin's, 1999. 132-155. Big Idea Stephen Witte's 1983 article reports on the quantifiable patterns of topical structure in a sample of written revisions of a common text.\u00a0\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Reading Notes&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Reading Notes","link":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/category\/reading_notes\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":6083,"url":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/2004\/05\/06\/coopergeorgelyn\/","url_meta":{"origin":6090,"position":5},"title":"Cooper\/George\/Lynch, 1998, &#8220;Moments of Argument&#8221;","author":"Derek Mueller","date":"May 6, 2004","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00a0Cooper, Marilyn, Diana George, and Dennis Lynch. \"Moments of Argument: Agonistic Inquiry and Confrontational Cooperation.\" On Writing Research: The Braddock Essays, 1975-1998. Ed. Lisa Ede. New York: Bedford St. Martin's, 1999. 390-412. 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