{"id":6087,"date":"2004-05-11T08:37:47","date_gmt":"2004-05-11T08:37:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/2004\/05\/11\/words-made-me-d\/"},"modified":"2004-05-11T08:37:47","modified_gmt":"2004-05-11T08:37:47","slug":"words-made-me-d","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/2004\/05\/11\/words-made-me-d\/","title":{"rendered":"Words Made Me Do It"},"content":{"rendered":"<span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">\u23f3 Approximate reading time: <\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 4<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">mins<\/span><\/span><p>&#038;nbsp<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/culturecat.net\/node\/view\/392?PHPSESSID=230665d449c04bf13771af1c6b7fb0b5\" >A<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/faculty.deanza.fhda.edu\/jocalo\/discuss\/msgReader$717?mode=day\" >number<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.shaviro.com\/Blog\/archives\/000306.html\" >of<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.cwrl.utexas.edu\/~edbauer\/blogs\/jenny\/archives\/000906.html\" >smart<\/a>,<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.vitia.org\/weblog\/archives\/000331.html\" >insightful<\/a><br \/>\nposts have turned up in recent days, working over the abhorrent prisoner abuse<br \/>\nnews out of Abu Ghraib; I&#8217;m not sure I have a lot to add.&nbsp; I&#8217;m still not<br \/>\nready to dig my heals in on the whole issue; haven&#8217;t come to many firm<br \/>\nconclusions about what&#8217;s happened, although I do find Mike&#8217;s mention of<img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" border=\"0\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.earthwidemoth.com\/blog\/img\/interrogation.jpg?w=644&#038;ssl=1\" align=\"right\"> command<br \/>\nfailures to be compelling.&nbsp; Jenny&#8217;s reading of Shaviro&#8217;s post is<br \/>\ninteresting, too, for the suggestion that <i>many<\/i> of the young folks who<br \/>\nfollow the enticements of recruiters have few other post-secondary options, have<br \/>\nvexed experiences with power and aggression, and find, in the recruiter&#8217;s pitch,<br \/>\n<i>something<\/i> promising.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Lynndie England has become the poster child for U.S. military recklessness,<br \/>\ngone to abuse and photo op celebrations of abuse.&nbsp; In one story (whose link<br \/>\nis down), England&#8217;s uncle said, basically, she was just following orders.&nbsp;<br \/>\nAnother <a href=\"http:\/\/www.baltimoresun.com\/news\/nationworld\/nation\/wire\/sns-ap-iraq-prisoner-abuse-w.va.,0,58935.story\" >story<br \/>\nfrom the Baltimore Sun<\/a>, describes England as a &quot;paper pusher&quot;;<br \/>\nshe&#8217;s also termed a &quot;scapegoat&quot; by a family friend.&nbsp; So what the<br \/>\nworld needs now is a resurrection of Stanley Milgram&#8217;s experiment on subjects&#8217;<br \/>\nwillingness to inflict harm by subduing conscience in deference to authority: <i>agentic<br \/>\nshift<\/i>. It&#8217;s the same sort of critique applied to <a href=\"http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/eichmann\/intro.htm\" >Adolf<br \/>\nEichmann<\/a> who was found guilty of war crimes and sentenced to death.&nbsp;<br \/>\nNote: <i>Some <\/i>accountability went to his superiors, too.<\/p>\n<p>I mention Eichmann because the corollaries are considerable.&nbsp; And since<br \/>\nEichmann&#8217;s role surfaced during the Nuremberg trials, I thought the following<br \/>\nconnection was good enough for the blog.&nbsp; See, Mark Bowden&#8217;s <i>Atlantic<br \/>\nMonthly<\/i> report on <a href=\"http:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/issues\/2003\/10\/bowden.htm\" >&quot;The<br \/>\nDark Art of Interrogation&quot;<\/a> seems almost prophetic now, in light of the<br \/>\ntorture.&nbsp; In October 2003, Bowden&#8217;s piece ran with its premise that<br \/>\ncoercive discomfort, while not exactly &quot;torture,&quot; is militarily<br \/>\nuseful.&nbsp; It saves lives, it enables intelligence officers to head off<br \/>\nplots, and it&#8217;s vital to criminal interrogation.&nbsp; Fine. The project was<br \/>\neerily predictive as I re-read it over the weekend, during the garage sale when<br \/>\nI needed something interruptible. From Bowden:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\nThe official statements by President Bush and William Haynes reaffirming the<br \/>\nU.S. government&#8217;s opposition to torture have been applauded by human-rights<br \/>\ngroups&#8211;but again, the language in them is carefully chosen. What does the Bush<br \/>\nAdministration mean by &quot;torture&quot;? Does it really share the activists&#8217;<br \/>\nall-inclusive definition of the word? In his letter to the director of Human<br \/>\nRights Watch, Haynes used the term &quot;enemy combatants&quot; to describe<br \/>\nthose in custody. Calling detainees &quot;prisoners of war&quot; would entitle<br \/>\nthem to the protections of the Geneva Convention, which prohibits the<br \/>\n&quot;physical or mental torture&quot; of POWs, and &quot;any other form of<br \/>\ncoercion,&quot; even to the extent of &quot;unpleasant or disadvantageous<br \/>\ntreatment of any kind.&quot; (In the contemptuous words of one military man,<br \/>\nthey &quot;prohibit everything except three square meals, a warm bed, and access<br \/>\nto a Harvard education.&quot;) Detainees who are American citizens have the<br \/>\nadvantage of constitutional protections against being held without charges, and<br \/>\nhave the right to legal counsel. They would also be protected from the worst<br \/>\nabuses by the Eighth Amendment, which prohibits &quot;cruel and unusual<br \/>\npunishment.&quot; The one detainee at Guantanamo who was discovered to have<br \/>\nbeen born in the United States has been transferred to a different facility, and<br \/>\nlegal battles rage over his status. But if the rest of the thousands of<br \/>\ndetainees are neither POWs (even though the bulk of them were captured during<br \/>\nthe fighting in Afghanistan) nor American citizens, they are fair game. They are<br \/>\nprotected only by this country&#8217;s international promises&#8211;which are, in effect,<br \/>\nunenforceable.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>And this:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>  The Bush Administration has adopted exactly the right posture on the matter.<br \/>\nCandor and consistency are not always public virtues. Torture is a crime against<br \/>\nhumanity, but coercion is an issue that is rightly handled with a wink, or even<br \/>\na touch of hypocrisy; it should be banned but also quietly practiced. Those who<br \/>\nprotest coercive methods will exaggerate their horrors, which is good: it<br \/>\ngenerates a useful climate of fear. It is wise of the President to reiterate<br \/>\nU.S. support for international agreements banning torture, and it is wise for<br \/>\nAmerican interrogators to employ whatever coercive methods work. It is also<br \/>\nsmart not to discuss the matter with anyone.\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Apart from sensationalizing passages, it&#8217;s a strong<br \/>\narticle for context, for digging into the semantics of &quot;torture,&quot;<br \/>\nsplitting out what it is and what it&#8217;s not, in legal terms.&nbsp;<br \/>\n&quot;Torture,&quot; in this sense, is avoidable&#8211;duck the Geneva Compact, dodge<br \/>\ninternational law and the Constitution, play the slippery terms.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><font class=\"arttype\">As I looked into Bowden&#8217;s article and what follows, I<br \/>\nwas especially taken by the letter from Stephen Rickard, Director of the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.legacy-project.org\/events\/index.html\" >Nuremberg<br \/>\nLegacy Project<\/a>, an effort to memorialize historic atrocities of war.&nbsp;<br \/>\nRickard&#8217;s <a href=\"http:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/issues\/2004\/01\/letters.htm\" >letter<br \/>\nshows up in the Jan\/Feb 2004 <i>Atlantic Monthly<\/i><\/a>, an issue with the<br \/>\nWhite House Chiefs of Staff, including Don Rumsfeld, on the front.&nbsp; In his<br \/>\nletter (scroll down to &quot;Interrogations&quot;), Rickard defends the Bush<br \/>\nAdministration&#8217;s definitive stance on torture and coercion:<\/font><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Mark Bowden&#8217;s article &quot;The Dark Art of Interrogation&quot; (October <i>Atlantic<\/i>)<br \/>\n  is an important survey of calculated cruelty. But when Bowden argues that the<br \/>\n  Bush Administration&#8217;s position on the legality of &quot;torture lite&quot;<br \/>\n  (so-called &quot;stress and duress&quot; interrogation) is ambiguous and<br \/>\n  should be, he is wrong on both points.<\/p>\n<p>  Bowden correctly notes that Administration officials said for months that no<br \/>\n  detainee was being &quot;tortured,&quot; but failed to rule out &quot;cruel,<br \/>\n  inhumane, or degrading&quot; treatment. Both are prohibited by the U.S.<br \/>\n  Constitution and international law. Specifically, he cites an April letter<br \/>\n  from William J. Haynes II, general counsel for the Defense Department, to<br \/>\n  Human Rights Watch, which ruled out only &quot;torture,&quot; and says,<br \/>\n  &quot;Haynes&#8217;s choice of words was careful&#8211;and telling.&quot;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>It&#8217;ll be interesting to see how the Nuremberg Legacy<br \/>\nProject responds to the atrocities now upon us, U.S. culpability in the fiasco,<br \/>\nand the currency of it all.&nbsp; So many other atrocities of war have been set<br \/>\nagainst years of discovery.&nbsp; Eichmann, for example, was pursued for years<br \/>\nbefore he was tried in 1997 for crimes nearly fifty years past.&nbsp; And while<br \/>\nI&#8217;m not sure recent events match Eichmann&#8217;s crimes, I recommend a quick read<br \/>\nthrough Bowden&#8217;s story and some of the letters of response.&nbsp; If nothing<br \/>\nelse, they affirm the drastic shifts in meaning stemming from context: the<br \/>\nmeaning of these months-old articles has been overhauled in the last ten<br \/>\ndays.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">\u23f3 Approximate reading time: <\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 4<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">mins<\/span><\/span>&#038;nbsp A number of smart, insightful posts have turned up in recent days, working over the abhorrent prisoner abuse news out of Abu Ghraib; I&#8217;m not sure I have a lot to add.&nbsp; I&#8217;m still not ready to dig my heals in on the whole issue; haven&#8217;t come to many firm conclusions about what&#8217;s happened,&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[165],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6087","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-media_massage"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.1 - 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